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With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EV), more and more EV batteries will intensively face the retirement. If they are treated improperly, EV batteries might pose a serious threat to human health and environment. There...
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With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EV), more and more EV batteries will intensively face the retirement. If they are treated improperly, EV batteries might pose a serious threat to human health and environment. Therefore, recycling spent EV battery is full of significance. However, the recycling system and specific policies have not be well established in China. This paper aims to evaluate several recycling subsidy policies being considered and tested in China for their influences on recycling effect and economic benefits. We first establish a system dynamics model with game characteristics to describe and analyse the triple-channel (i.e. manufacturer, retailer, and third-party recycler) recycling system. Recycling subsidy policy and technological progress are then introduced. The game equilibrium and evolution of the system under different scenarios are investigated. Results show that: 1) both recycling subsidy and advancement in technology could improve total recycling rate and profit. 2) Particularly, the former can improve recycling rate of manufacturer while the latter can raise the interest of retailer and third-party recycler in spent EV battery recycling. 3) Even with gradual withdrawal of recycling subsidy, the system could still maintain steady growth as long as the technology advances to a higher level. The results could provide support to manufacturer in managing the multi-channel recycling system and the government agencies in optimizing the recycling policy. The hybrid method, game theory combined with system dynamics, can improve the limitations of these two methods and can be applied to other complex systems with game traits.
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This paper established cooperation decision model for a mixed carbon policy of carbon trading-carbon tax (environmental tax) in a two-stage S-M supply chain. For three different cooperative abatement situations, we considered the ...
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This paper established cooperation decision model for a mixed carbon policy of carbon trading-carbon tax (environmental tax) in a two-stage S-M supply chain. For three different cooperative abatement situations, we considered the supplier driven model, the manufacturer driven model, and the equilibriumgamemodel.We investigated the influence of mixed carbon policy with constraint of reduction targets on supply chain price, productivity, profits, carbon emissions reduction rate, and so on.The results showed that (1) high-strength carbon policies do not necessarily encourage enterprises to effectively reduce emissions, and increasing market acceptance of low carbon products or raising the price of carbon quota can promote the benign reduction; (2) perfect competitive carbon market has a higher carbon reduction efficiency than oligarch carbon market, but their optimal level of cooperation is the same and the realized reduction rate is in line with the intensity of carbon policy; (3) the policy sensitivity of the carbon trading mechanism is stronger than the carbon tax; "paid quota mechanism" can subsidize the cost of abatement and improve reduction initiative. Finally, we use a numerical example to solve the optimal decisions under differentmarket situations, validating the effectiveness of model and the conclusions.
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Background: Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease that leads to the maldigestion of disaccharides and is associated with mutation of the sucrase-isomaltase (SI) gene. Cases of ...
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Background: Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease that leads to the maldigestion of disaccharides and is associated with mutation of the sucrase-isomaltase (SI) gene. Cases of CSID are not very prevalent in China or worldwide but are gradually being identified and reported.Case Presentation: We report a case involving a 14-month-old male who presented with failure to thrive that had begun after food diversification and was admitted for chronic diarrhea. We used a whole-exome sequencing (WES) approach to identify mutations in this patient's genome. WES revealed two novel heterozygous mutations in the SI gene, c.2626C > T (p.Q876 * ) and c.2872C > T (p.R958C), which were confirmed by Sanger DNA sequencing. With a strict sucrose- and starch-restricted diet, the patient's diarrhea was resolved, and he began to gain weight.Conclusions: We report a case of novel variants in the SI gene that caused CSID. This report provides valuable information for the clinical field, especially in China.
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To prevent global warming caused by the burning of fossil fuels, the formation of metal organic framework materials ( i.e. , MOFs) is a promising approach for efficient and scalable CO _(2) adsorption from air. In this study, a no...
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To prevent global warming caused by the burning of fossil fuels, the formation of metal organic framework materials ( i.e. , MOFs) is a promising approach for efficient and scalable CO _(2) adsorption from air. In this study, a novel stable layered bis-phosphonate MOF, i.e. , MIL-91(Al), has been synthesized for adsorption of CO _(2) under ambient conditions. XRD, N _(2) adsorption–desorption isotherms, FTIR and HRTEM were employed to characterize the synthesized MIL-91(Al). The results show that MIL-91(Al) demonstrates an excellent adsorption performance for CO _(2) ( i.e. , the maximum adsorption can reach up to 2.4 mmol g ~(?1) ) and a relatively high selectivity for CO _(2) vs. other gases ( e.g. , N _(2) or CH _(4) ). Moreover, the adsorption behavior of CO _(2) onto the surface of MIL-91(Al) has also been investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy ( in situ DRIFTS). The DRIFTS results show that CO _(2) can be adsorbed by both the free polar groups (N?H–OP) and the Al–OH–Al bond. The special adsorption behavior is caused by the layered structure of MIL-91(Al) which leads to the exposure of Al on the surface.
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